Piano Roll Theorymusic theory for producers
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Drum machine

Sixteen steps, seven sounds, swing and accents: write and hear the main rhythms of electronic music.

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In house, the kick hits every beat (that is the “four-on-the-floor”), the clap marks beats 2 and 4, and the open hat answers between the beats: that back-and-forth is what makes the groove bounce.

A click adds
Beats
1
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2
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3
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4
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Choose what a click adds: a normal hit, an accent (louder), a ghost note (very soft) or a roll (two hits in the same step, for hi-hat bursts). Clicking the same cell again clears it. On a computer, Shift + click adds an accent right away, and Alt + click a ghost note. Click a sound name to hear it on its own.

Swing delays the second sixteenth note of each eighth note. At 0%, the rhythm is straight. At 55%, it lands two thirds of the way through the eighth note, as in a triplet: that is the “shuffle”. Around 30%, you get a slight sway that feels more human.

Used in: Syncopation, Offbeats and Groove, Essential Drum Patterns by Genre, Song Arrangement: Energy and Structure, Music Theory by Genre: A Producer's Cheat Sheet